Valcyte is an antiviral drug mainly used for the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection. Its common side effects include blood system abnormalities, gastrointestinal reactions, and neurological symptoms, which need to be alleviated through regular monitoring and targeted measures.

1. Blood system side effects and relief

(1) Bone marrow suppression: may lead to a decrease in white blood cells, platelets, or red blood cells, requiring weekly monitoring of blood routine. If there is a significant decrease, the dosage should be adjusted or medication should be suspended.

(2) Anemia: manifested as fatigue and pallor, it is recommended to supplement iron or vitamin B12, and in severe cases, blood transfusion treatment is needed.

2. Gastrointestinal reactions and relief

(1) Nausea and vomiting: can be taken with meals or in divided doses, and antiemetic drugs such as ondansetron can be used if necessary.

(2) Diarrhea: Maintain water intake, avoid high fiber foods, and in severe cases, use antidiarrheal drugs such as loperamide.

3. Neurological side effects and relief

(1) Headache and dizziness: usually mild and brief, maintain sufficient rest, and avoid sudden changes in position.

(2) Insomnia or drowsiness: Adjust the medication time to the morning or before bedtime, and avoid using it in combination with other central nervous system inhibitors.

4. Management of other important side effects

(1) Renal dysfunction: Regular monitoring of creatinine clearance rate is necessary, and individuals with renal insufficiency should reduce their dosage.

(2) Fever infection: If fever occurs, seek medical attention immediately, which may indicate infection related to neutropenia.

5. Precautions for special populations

(1) Pregnant women: There is a risk of teratogenicity, and strict contraception is required during medication and for at least 6 months after discontinuation.

(2) Elderly people are more prone to renal dysfunction and neurological side effects, and need to strengthen monitoring.