Adempas, as a treatment drug for pulmonary arterial hypertension, has side effects that involve multiple systems and require targeted relief measures.

1. Common side effects and alleviation

(1) Headache: mostly mild to moderate, can be relieved by taking medication in installments, adequate hydration, and rest. If it continues to worsen, medical evaluation is needed.

(2) Gastrointestinal discomfort: It is recommended to take medication after meals, with small amounts and multiple meals. Nausea and vomiting can be temporarily treated with antiemetic agents, and attention should be paid to fluid replacement during diarrhea.

(3) Dizziness and fatigue: Avoid sudden changes in position, lie still for 30 minutes after taking medication, and adjust the administration time to evening if necessary.

2. Serious reactions requiring immediate medical attention

(1) Pulmonary arterial hypertension crisis: sudden respiratory distress, chest pain accompanied by blood pressure drop requiring emergency treatment, immediate cessation of use and intravenous oxygen therapy.

(2) Severe bleeding: If vomiting blood, black stool or abnormal bruising occurs, medication should be stopped, coagulation function should be monitored, and platelet transfusion should be administered if necessary.

(3) Visual impairment: Blurred vision or visual field defects may indicate retinal hemorrhage, requiring urgent consultation with ophthalmology and permanent discontinuation of medication.

3. Forbidden foods

(1) Grapefruit and its products: containing strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, can significantly increase the blood concentration of levocetirizine, leading to a risk of severe hypotension.

(2) High fat diet: Taking medication after meals can reduce drug absorption by 28%. It is recommended to take it on an empty stomach or after a light diet at a fixed time.

4. Comprehensive preventive measures

(1) Monitoring requirements: Regular check of hemoglobin and liver function before and during treatment, and monthly pregnancy tests for pregnant women.

(2) Drug interactions: Combination use of nitrates or PDE5 inhibitors is prohibited, and the use of potent CYP inhibitors should be reduced by 50%.

(3) Special population: Patients with liver damage may have their initial dose halved, and smokers may need to adjust their dosage and closely monitor it.