The side effects of Niticinone capsules involve multiple systems, some of which can be alleviated by adjusting medication or symptomatic treatment. The following are specific classifications of side effects and corresponding mitigation measures.

1. Common adverse reactions and relief of Nitisinone capsules

(1) Eye symptoms: When corneal crystal deposition leads to photophobia and blurred vision, it is recommended to use artificial tears to relieve irritation. In severe cases, ophthalmic consultation is needed to adjust the dosage.

(2) Skin rash: Mild itching can be treated with topical calamine lotion to avoid scratching; If the condition continues to worsen, antihistamines should be considered or medication should be suspended.

2. Handling of blood system abnormalities

(1) Thrombocytopenia: Regularly monitor blood routine, evaluate whether to reduce the dosage when there is a tendency for bruising or bleeding, and administer platelets if necessary.

(2) Leukopenia: Pay attention to infection prevention. When the absolute value of neutrophils is less than 1.0 × 10 ⁹/L, medication should be suspended and white blood treatment should be given.

3. Metabolic management strategies

(1) Excessive tyrosine levels: strict low protein diet (≤ 0.5g/kg daily), combined with phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism inhibitors if necessary.

(2) Abnormal liver function: Suspend medication when ALT/AST levels increase by more than three times, and add hepatoprotective drugs until recovery.

4. Special population monitoring

(1) Child patients: Evaluate bone age and growth curve every 3 months, and collaborate with nutritionists to develop personalized dietary plans.

(2) Women of childbearing age: During medication, dual contraception measures must be taken, and accidental pregnancy requires immediate discontinuation of medication and medical attention.

5. Emergency response

(1) Allergic reaction: Immediately discontinue use of niteson and administer rescue treatment with adrenaline and glucocorticoids.

(2) Acute liver injury: When jaundice or clay like stool occurs, hospitalization is required for supportive treatment such as plasma exchange.