The side effects of Enasidenib involve blood system, metabolic abnormalities, and gastrointestinal reactions, which need to be alleviated through regular monitoring and targeted measures. The following is an explanation of common side effects and corresponding relief methods, with a focus on serious reactions that require urgent medical attention.

1. Blood system related side effects

(1) Decreased white blood cells: may increase the risk of infection. Regular monitoring of blood routine is necessary, and timely medical attention should be sought when symptoms of infection such as fever and chills occur.

(2) Thrombocytopenia: manifested as abnormal bleeding or bruising. Avoid vigorous exercise or using sharp tools, and administer platelets if necessary.

2. Metabolic abnormalities

(1) Tumor lysis syndrome: Uric acid and electrolytes need to be monitored during the initial stage of medication. Administer allopurinol in advance and fully hydrate. Seek medical attention immediately if oliguria or joint pain occurs.

(2) Hyperbilirubinemia: manifested as yellowing of the skin or sclera. Mild observable, severe requiring reduction or suspension of medication.

3. Gastrointestinal reactions

(1) Nausea/vomiting: Eat light food in portions and use antiemetic medication if necessary. Continuous vomiting requires prevention of dehydration.

(2) Diarrhea: Supplement water and electrolytes, and use antidiarrheal agents in severe cases. Hematochezia or worsening abdominal pain require urgent treatment.

4. Other side effects to be cautious of

(1) Differentiation syndrome: characterized by difficulty breathing, fever, or weight gain. Immediate use of glucocorticoids and suspension of administration is required.

(2) Allergic reactions: Emergency anti allergic treatment is required when rash or laryngeal edema occurs, and medication may be permanently discontinued if necessary.

5. Precautions for special populations

(1) Liver dysfunction: Patients with moderate to severe damage need to adjust the dosage and regularly monitor ALT/AST.

(2) Pregnancy: It has embryonic toxicity, strict contraception is required during medication, and feeding should be stopped during lactation.