Azacitidine tablets, as demethylated anti-tumor drugs, have side effects mainly involving the blood system, digestive system, and systemic reactions, which need to be alleviated through monitoring, symptomatic treatment, and lifestyle adjustments. The following provides a systematic explanation of common side effects classification and corresponding mitigation measures.

1. Hematological system side effects

(1) Bone marrow suppression: manifested as neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, etc., requiring regular monitoring of blood routine. If fever or abnormal bleeding occurs, immediate medical attention should be sought.

(2) Anemia: may cause fatigue and pallor. It is recommended to supplement iron and vitamin B12. In severe cases, blood transfusion is needed for supportive treatment.

2. Digestive system response

(1) Nausea and vomiting: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists can be used before administration to prevent it, and light food should be consumed in small and frequent meals.

(2) Diarrhea: Maintain electrolyte balance, use loperamide if necessary, and daily fluid replacement should be at least 2000ml.

(3) Constipation: Increase dietary fiber intake, use laxatives appropriately, and maintain moderate exercise.

3. Systemic response

(1) Fever: Physical cooling can be used after ruling out infection, and medication intervention is required if the body temperature exceeds 38.5 ℃.

(2) Fatigue: Reasonably arrange activities and rest, and engage in mild aerobic exercise to improve physical fitness.

(3) Injection site reaction: Rotate the injection site and apply local cold compress to relieve redness, swelling, and pain.

4. Special precautions

(1) Abnormal liver function: Monitor transaminases monthly to avoid concomitant use of hepatotoxic drugs.

(2) Renal function monitoring: If the creatinine clearance rate is less than 30ml/min, the dosage needs to be adjusted to maintain sufficient urine output.

(3) Infection prevention: Avoid contact with infectious sources, receive inactivated vaccines, and pay attention to personal hygiene and protection.

5. Lifestyle adjustment

(1) Dietary advice: High protein, high calorie diet, avoid raw, cold and stimulating foods, quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.

(2) Psychological support: Join patient support groups and seek professional psychological counseling if necessary.

(3) Medication records: Detailed records of the time and degree of side effects, provided to doctors for reference during follow-up visits.