The usage and dosage of Cospanon tablets should be adjusted according to the indications and individual patient conditions. Special attention should be paid to safety differences when using them for special populations. The following provides a detailed explanation from three aspects: conventional usage, dosage adjustment, and medication for special populations.

1. Conventional usage and dosage

(1) Adult standard dose: usually 1-2 tablets per time (40mg per tablet), taken orally 3 times a day, taken after meals to reduce gastrointestinal irritation.

(2) Maximum dose limit: No more than 6 tablets (240mg) per day, excessive dosage may increase the risk of anticholinergic side effects.

(3) Course control: After the acute symptoms are relieved, the dosage should be reduced to the lowest effective dose, and continuous use for more than 2 weeks should be evaluated by a physician.

2. Dose adjustment for special populations

(1) Liver dysfunction: Half the dose for patients with mild to moderate damage, and contraindicated for patients with severe liver damage (Child Pugh C grade).

(2) Renal insufficiency: Creatinine clearance rate of 30-60ml/min should be administered every 12 hours, while it is contraindicated for patients with creatinine clearance rate less than 30ml/min.

(3) Elderly patients: Start with half a tablet (20mg) and gradually increase according to tolerance.

3. Precautions for medication for special populations

(1) Pregnancy period: Animal experiments have shown embryotoxicity, and human data is lacking. Pregnant women should avoid using it.

(2) Breastfeeding period: Medications may be secreted through breast milk, and medication should be suspended or breastfeeding should be stopped during lactation.

(3) Children: The safety of children under 12 years old has not been established and is not recommended for use.

(4) Glaucoma patients: Absolute contraindication, as anticholinergic effects can induce acute angle closure glaucoma attacks.

(5) Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: it may aggravate urinary retention, and it is forbidden for moderate and severe patients.