As a selective COX-2 inhibitor, the adverse reactions of celecoxib mainly involve the digestive system, cardiovascular system, and allergic reactions. The following provides a detailed explanation from three dimensions: common adverse reactions, serious adverse reactions, and risks for special populations.

1. Digestive system reactions

(1) Upper abdominal pain: The incidence rate is about 12%, usually mild to moderate.

(2) Diarrhea: Commonly seen in the early stages of medication, most of which can be relieved on their own.

(3) Digestive ulcer: The incidence rate of long-term use in patients is about 1.5%.

2. Cardiovascular system risks

(1) Elevated blood pressure: an average increase of 3-5 mmHg, hypertensive patients need to be closely monitored.

(2) Edema: The incidence rate is about 2.1%, which is positively correlated with the dosage.

(3) Risk of myocardial infarction: Long term high-dose use may increase the risk of cardiovascular events.

3. Allergic reactions

(1) Skin reactions: including rash (4.5%), urticaria, etc.

(2) Sulfonamide allergy: The cross allergy rate of sulfonamide drug allergy sufferers is about 10%.

(3) Vascular edema: rare but requires immediate discontinuation of medication.

4. Serious adverse reactions

(1) Gastrointestinal bleeding: manifested as vomiting blood or black stool, with a higher risk in elderly patients.

(2) Liver injury: ALT may increase to more than three times the upper limit of normal.

(3) Renal dysfunction: Especially for patients with dehydration or pre-existing kidney disease, caution should be exercised.

5. Precautions for special populations

(1) Cardiovascular disease patients: It is necessary to evaluate the benefit risk ratio before use.

(2) Patients with renal insufficiency: Do not use when creatinine clearance rate is less than 30ml/min.

(3) Pregnancy: Use in late pregnancy may lead to premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus.