Ruxolitinib, as a JAK inhibitor, can regulate immune response but may also increase the risk of infection. The following groups of people need to be strictly evaluated or avoided for use to ensure medication safety.

1、 Prohibited for individuals with severe active infections

1. Absolute prohibition situation

When there is a clear active severe infection (such as sepsis, pneumonia, opportunistic infections, etc.), the use of Ruxolitinib is prohibited until the infection is completely controlled.

2. Assessment of new infections during medication

If fever, chills, persistent cough or other signs of infection occur during treatment, medication should be stopped immediately and a comprehensive infection assessment should be conducted. Re medication can only be considered after the infection is diagnosed and cured.

3. Caution should be exercised regarding a history of chronic or recurrent infections

Individuals with a history of chronic or recurrent infections must undergo a thorough assessment of the risks and benefits by a doctor before use.

2、 Tuberculosis screening and management

1. Tuberculosis screening must be completed before initiating treatment

All patients should be screened for tuberculosis, including latent tuberculosis, before starting Ruxolitinib treatment.

2. Treatment before medication for latent tuberculosis

If screening suggests latent tuberculosis infection, standard anti tuberculosis prophylaxis should be administered before initiating Ruxolitinib.

3. Prohibited use of active tuberculosis

Individuals diagnosed with active tuberculosis are prohibited from using Ruxolitinib and can only be re evaluated after completing anti tuberculosis treatment and confirming cure.

3、 Other infection risks that require vigilance

1. Virus reactivation (such as shingles)

JAK inhibitors may increase the risk of virus reactivation, and the immune status of varicella zoster virus should be evaluated before treatment, and vaccination should be administered in advance if necessary.

2. Screening of hepatitis B and C

It is recommended to complete the relevant tests of hepatitis B and C before treatment to ensure that there is no active hepatitis.