Among the common side effects of pirfenidone, nausea, rash, and fatigue can be effectively alleviated by adjusting medication methods, symptomatic treatment, and lifestyle interventions. Nausea often occurs in the early stages of medication, and the rash should be alert to photosensitive reactions. Fatigue may be related to drug metabolism, and most symptoms alleviate with treatment adaptation.

1. Nausea management

(1) Medication method: Strictly take with meals, recommended to take with solid food, and take in small portions with water to reduce stomach irritation.

(2) Dietary adjustment: Avoid high-fat and spicy foods, eat small meals frequently, and try taking ginger sugar or drinking ginger tea to alleviate symptoms.

(3) Dose adjustment: For persistent nausea, the dose can be temporarily reduced to 534mg three times a day, gradually increasing to the maintenance dose after 1-2 weeks.

(4) Drug intervention: In severe cases, antiemetic drugs such as domperidone can be used according to medical advice, but attention should be paid to drug interactions.

2. Treatment of rash

(1) Photoprotection: Immediately strengthen sun protection measures, use SPF50+sunscreen, wear long sleeved clothing to avoid sun exposure and worsening symptoms.

(2) Skin care: Avoid scratching, use mild soap free cleanser, apply moisturizer to relieve dryness and itching.

(3) Medical intervention: If blisters, peeling or systemic rash appear, immediate medical attention is required, and short-term topical corticosteroids may be needed.

(4) Dose adjustment: Severe rash (such as a precursor to SJS syndrome) requires permanent discontinuation of medication and emergency treatment by a dermatologist.

3 Fatigue coping strategies

(1) Schedule adjustment: Reasonably arrange activities and rest, avoid overwork, and take a short nap in the afternoon to relieve symptoms.

(2) Medication time: Take the last dose before dinner to avoid the accumulation of metabolic products at night that may affect energy the next day.

(3) Nutritional support: Ensure sufficient protein intake, supplement B vitamins in moderation, and maintain water and electrolyte balance.

(4) Exclude causes: Test hemoglobin and thyroid function to rule out fatigue exacerbation caused by anemia or endocrine factors.