Ibrutinib is an important targeted drug for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, but its mechanism of action and adverse reaction profile determine that four major risks—bleeding, atrial fibrillation, infection, and hypertension—require special attention during treatment.

I. Bleeding Risk

Watch for bleeding signals: Pay attention to skin bruises, gum or nose bleeding, black stool, hematuria, etc.; seek medical attention promptly if abnormalities occur.

Avoid concomitant use of drugs that increase bleeding: Without physician approval, do not self-administer anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or warfarin.

Suspend before surgery: Before planned surgery or invasive procedures, suspend the drug for several days as directed by the physician.

Daily protection: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and an electric razor; avoid bumps and trauma.

II. Atrial Fibrillation

Pay attention to palpitation symptoms: If palpitations, irregular heartbeat, chest tightness, shortness of breath, or dizziness occur, inform the physician promptly.

Regular ECG examinations: During treatment, monitor heart rhythm as directed by the physician to detect asymptomatic atrial fibrillation early.

Caution with concomitant medications: When anticoagulation is needed for atrial fibrillation, the physician should comprehensively assess bleeding and thrombotic risks.

Do not stop the drug on your own: If atrial fibrillation is detected, seek medical management; the physician will decide whether to adjust the dose or regimen.

III. Infection

Note signs of infection: Fever, cough, sore throat, frequent urination, painful urination, etc. should prompt early medical attention; fever requires particular attention.

Strengthen personal protection: Wash hands frequently, avoid crowded places, and wear a mask when necessary.

Attend follow-up on time: Regularly monitor blood routine and pay attention to neutrophil and immunoglobulin levels.

Vaccines and prevention: Receive vaccines as recommended by the physician and, when necessary, undergo prophylactic anti-infective treatment.

IV. Hypertension

Measure blood pressure regularly: During treatment, monitor regularly; record elevated blood pressure promptly and report it to the physician.

Lifestyle intervention: Low-salt diet, moderate exercise, weight control, smoking cessation, and alcohol restriction.

Antihypertensive medication: When blood pressure is significantly elevated, use antihypertensive drugs under physician guidance; avoid self-medication.

Watch for emergencies: If severe headache, blurred vision, chest pain, etc. occur, seek medical attention immediately.