The side effects of Semaglutide tablets mainly involve gastrointestinal reactions and metabolic abnormalities, and most symptoms can be relieved with prolonged medication time. The following provides a systematic explanation of common side effects, serious adverse reactions, and targeted relief measures, as well as medication precautions for special populations.

1. Common side effects and alleviation

(1) Gastrointestinal reactions: Nausea (30-40%), diarrhea (20-30%), and vomiting (10-20%) are the most common. It is recommended to start with a small dose and gradually increase it, take the medication after meals, and avoid a high-fat diet. If the symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks, medical attention is required.

(2) Hypoglycemia: Increased risk when used in combination with insulin/sulfonylureas. Manifested as dizziness, sweating, and palpitations. It is recommended to regularly monitor blood sugar levels, carry sugar cubes with you, and adjust the dosage of combination medications.

(3) Skin reaction: redness and swelling (5-10%) at the injection site can resolve on its own. Rotate the injection site and apply ice to relieve symptoms. Systemic rash requires discontinuation of medication evaluation.

2. Serious adverse reaction management

(1) Acute pancreatitis: Sudden severe upper abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting, medication should be stopped immediately. High risk individuals (high triglycerides, gallstones) need to be screened before medication.

(2) Thyroid C-cell tumor: contraindicated for individuals with a family history of medullary thyroid cancer. Monitor calcitonin levels during medication.

(3) Acute kidney injury: Increased risk when dehydrated or combined with diuretics. If there is a decrease in urine output, medication should be stopped to maintain water electrolyte balance.

3. Precautions for special populations

(1) Pregnancy: Animal experiments have shown abnormal fetal development, and human data is limited. Before taking medication, it is necessary to confirm that the patient is not pregnant and to use contraception during the treatment period.

(2) Liver and kidney dysfunction: Mild to moderate damage does not require dose adjustment. End stage renal disease should be used with caution and monitored for changes in renal function.

(3) Elderly people: Those over 65 years old are more likely to experience dehydration related side effects. Suggest strengthening water intake and electrolyte monitoring.

4. Comprehensive management suggestions

(1) Lifestyle: Maintain a regular diet and avoid taking medication on an empty stomach. Drink 1.5-2L of water daily to prevent constipation and dehydration.

(2) Monitoring requirements: During the initial stage of medication, symptoms should be recorded weekly, and pancreatic enzymes, renal function, and thyroid ultrasound should be regularly checked.

(3) Drug interactions: Avoid using other GLP-1 analogs in combination. The use of warfarin requires strengthened INR monitoring.