Vornoxant, as a novel orexin receptor antagonist, mainly involves central nervous system and digestive system reactions in its side effects, requiring targeted prevention and mitigation measures. The following system explains common adverse reactions and corresponding treatment methods to ensure medication safety and tolerability.

1. Common side effects and alleviation

(1) Sleepiness and dizziness: About 15% of users experience daytime residual effects. It is recommended to take it 8 hours before bedtime to avoid driving or operating machinery the next day. Severe cases can consult a doctor to adjust the dosage.

(2) Digestive discomfort: nausea (12%), constipation (8%), etc. are mostly mild. It is recommended to take medication after meals and increase dietary fiber intake. For persistent symptoms, short-term use of antiemetics or laxatives may be considered.

2. Serious adverse reaction management

(1) Complex sleep behaviors, including sleepwalking, sleep driving, etc., occur at a rate of approximately 1.2%. The medication should be stopped immediately and medical attention should be sought to strengthen sleep environment safety protection.

(2) Respiratory depression: Obese or COPD patients have an increased risk of experiencing nighttime blood oxygen saturation<90%, and treatment should be terminated. Oxygen therapy support should be given if necessary.

3. Taboo population

(1) Severe liver dysfunction: Not recommended for Child Pugh C patients as significant delays in drug metabolism may lead to excessive sedation and respiratory depression.

(2) Respiratory system diseases: It is contraindicated for patients with moderate to severe sleep apnea syndrome and acute exacerbation of COPD, which may induce nocturnal hypoxemia crisis.

(3) Pregnant women: Animal studies have shown a risk of abnormal embryo development, and it is necessary to confirm that they are not pregnant before medication. During treatment, efficient contraceptive measures should be taken.

4. Drug interaction management

(1) CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as clarithromycin, can increase blood drug concentrations by three times. When used in combination, the dosage should be reduced to one-third and adverse reactions should be monitored.

(2) Alcohol: Enhances central inhibitory effects, and alcohol consumption, including alcoholic beverages, should be completely avoided during medication.