Tofacitinib is a JAK inhibitor, and common side effects include increased risk of infection, gastrointestinal reactions, dyslipidemia, etc. In severe cases, it may cause thrombosis or malignant tumors. The following provides an explanation of common side effects classification and mitigation measures, as well as suggestions for precautions.

1. Common side effects and mitigation methods

(1) Risk of infection

Tofacitinib may increase the risk of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections such as pneumonia and shingles. During medication, it is necessary to monitor signs of infection (fever, cough, etc.), avoid contact with infectious sources, and consult a doctor before vaccination. Severe infection requires suspension of medication and anti infective treatment.

(2) Gastrointestinal reactions

Common symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea. It is recommended to take it with meals in portions, and for mild diarrhea, oral rehydration salts can be taken; Persistent or bloody diarrhea requires medical attention to investigate the cause of infection and adjust the dosage if necessary.

(3) Metabolic abnormalities

May cause elevated blood lipids (cholesterol/triglycerides). Regular blood lipid testing during treatment, managed through dietary control or combination of lipid-lowering drugs.

Serious side effects that require immediate medical attention

(1) Thrombotic events

Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism manifests as lower limb swelling and pain, sudden respiratory distress, etc. High risk patients need to be evaluated for anticoagulation prevention. If symptoms appear, medication should be stopped immediately and emergency treatment should be sought.

(2) Malignant tumor

Long term use may increase the risk of lymphoma and skin cancer. Screening for tumor history before medication, regular skin examinations, and avoiding excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

(3) Abnormal liver function

Jaundice, abdominal pain, or elevated transaminase levels indicate liver injury. Monitor liver function every 3 months before medication and during treatment, and reduce or discontinue medication in case of abnormalities.

3 Precautions for Special Groups

(1) Pregnancy and lactation

May cause fetal malformation, women of childbearing age need to use contraception for at least 4 weeks after discontinuing the medication. Prohibited during lactation, medication can be secreted through breast milk.

(2) Elderly patients

The risk of infection and thrombosis is higher, and monitoring needs to be strengthened. Patients over 65 years old are recommended to start with low doses.

(3) Patients with liver and kidney insufficiency

When there is moderate to severe liver damage or glomerular filtration rate<50ml/min, the dosage should be adjusted to avoid drug accumulation.