Common adverse reactions of afatinib include diarrhea, rash, stomatitis, and hepatotoxicity. Timely identification and management are key to ensuring the smooth progress of treatment.

I. Diarrhea

1. Manifestations and Monitoring

Diarrhea often occurs early in treatment and may present as loose or watery stools.

Daily bowel movement frequency and changes in stool characteristics should be recorded to promptly assess severity.

2. Management Measures

For mild diarrhea, increase fluid intake to avoid dehydration.

Use antidiarrheal medications under a doctor's guidance, and do not misuse them on your own.

If severe diarrhea occurs, accompanied by dehydration or fever, seek medical attention immediately and consider adjusting the dose.

II. Rash

1. Manifestations and Monitoring

It commonly occurs on the face, chest, and back, presenting as erythema, papules, or pustules.

It often appears early in treatment, and in some patients it may lessen as treatment continues.

2. Management Measures

Keep the skin clean, and avoid scratching and sun exposure.

Use mild moisturizers, and if necessary, apply topical medications as prescribed by a doctor.

If the rash is severe or secondary infection occurs, seek medical attention promptly and adjust the dose.

III. Stomatitis

1. Manifestations and Monitoring

It presents as redness, swelling, pain, or ulcers of the oral mucosa, affecting eating.

During medication, oral mucosal changes should be examined regularly.

2. Management Measures

Maintain oral hygiene, use a soft-bristled toothbrush, and avoid irritating foods.

Rinse the mouth with normal saline or a mouthwash recommended by a doctor.

If pain is obvious or eating is affected, seek medical treatment and consider reducing the dose.

IV. Hepatotoxicity

1. Manifestations and Monitoring

It may present as elevated transaminases, and in severe cases, jaundice, fatigue, or decreased appetite.

Liver function should be tested regularly before and during treatment.

2. Management Measures

Avoid alcohol and the use of other medications that may harm the liver.

If liver function is abnormal, adjust the dose or suspend medication under a doctor's guidance.

If jaundice, dark urine, or right upper abdominal discomfort occurs, seek medical attention immediately.

V. Overall Precautions

Strictly follow the doctor's instructions when taking the medication, and do not increase, decrease, or stop the dose on your own.

If the above adverse reactions occur, inform the doctor promptly so that the regimen can be adjusted.

Attend regular follow-up visits to monitor complete blood count, liver function, and overall tolerance.

Strengthening nutrition and rest can help reduce adverse reactions and maintain treatment.