Lazertinib, as a targeted therapy drug, has side effects that include multiple systemic manifestations such as skin reactions and venous thromboembolism. It needs to be managed through preventive measures and dose adjustments, and serious adverse reactions require immediate medical attention.

1. Serious side effects requiring immediate medical attention

(1) Venous thromboembolism (VTE): incidence 36%, manifested as limb swelling or chest pain, requiring prophylactic anticoagulant therapy in the first 4 months.

(2) Interstitial lung disease/pneumonia: incidence rate of 3.1%, medication should be permanently discontinued when new cough or respiratory distress occurs.

(3) Severe skin reaction: The incidence of grade 3 rash is 26%, which may be accompanied by infection and requires oral antibiotics for prevention.

(4) Eye toxicity: 16% of patients experience symptoms such as keratitis and require ophthalmic evaluation.

2. Common side effects that can be self relieved

(1) Skin symptoms: 86% of patients experience rash, dry skin, itching, etc., which can be relieved by non-alcoholic moisturizer.

(2) Gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, diarrhea, and constipation can be improved through dietary adjustments.

(3) Systemic symptoms: fatigue, muscle pain, and edema usually alleviate with treatment adaptation.

3. Prevention and mitigation measures

(1) Skin protection: During treatment, use broad-spectrum sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid direct sunlight.

(2) Anticoagulation prevention: Use non vitamin K antagonists for anticoagulation in the first 4 months, and discontinue after no VTE symptoms.

(3) Dose adjustment: gradually reduce from 240mg to 80mg/day, and discontinue when severe intolerance occurs.

4. Precautions for special populations

(1) Liver and kidney function: Mild to moderate liver and kidney function damage does not require dose adjustment.

(2) Elderly patients: There is no specific dosage limit, but monitoring needs to be strengthened.