Tamiflu is a neuraminidase inhibitor primarily used for the treatment and prevention of influenza A and B. The usage and dosage should be adjusted according to age, weight, and kidney function. For special populations, individualized treatment plans should be focused on pregnant women, lactating women, children, and individuals with liver and kidney dysfunction.

1. Usage and dosage

(1) Influenza treatment

Adults and adolescents aged 13 and above: 75mg each time, twice a day, for a course of 5 days. Children over 1 year old: Adjust the dosage according to body weight (30mgbid for those ≤ 15kg; 15-23kg, 45mgbid; 23-40kg, 60mgbid; >40kg for 75mg.

(2) Influenza prevention

After close contact with influenza patients, adults and adolescents aged 13 and above: 75mg once daily for at least 10 days; Community epidemic prevention: up to 6 weeks. The dosage for children is the same as the therapeutic dose, once a day.

2. Medication for special populations

(1) Pregnant women

Animal experiments have shown that high doses may cause fetal abnormalities, and it is recommended to use only when the benefits significantly outweigh the risks. Clinical necessity should be strictly evaluated.

(2) Lactating women

Medications can be secreted into breast milk, and breastfeeding should be temporarily suspended during lactation to avoid potential risks for infants who ingest medication through breast milk.

(3) Children

Safety data for infants under 1 year old is limited and should be used with caution; Premature infants need to adjust their dosage according to corrected gestational age, and close monitoring is recommended.

(4) Elderly people

No routine dose adjustment is required, but patients with renal dysfunction need to reduce their creatinine clearance rate. It is recommended to monitor adverse reactions in the nervous system.

(5) Renal insufficiency

The treatment dose for patients with mild to moderate damage (CrCl30-60ml/min) is halved; For patients with severe damage (CrCl10-30ml/min), the therapeutic dose should be reduced to 25mg bid or the preventive dose should be 30mg qd.

(6) Liver dysfunction

Mild to moderate damage does not require dose adjustment, and severe damage lacks data. It is recommended to use with caution and monitor for adverse reactions.