Tirabrutinib is an oral BTK inhibitor, and bleeding, infection, and arrhythmia are three major risks requiring focused prevention during treatment.

I. Bleeding risk

Mechanism and manifestations: This product affects platelet function and can cause bruising, gum bleeding, and epistaxis; in severe cases, gastrointestinal or intracranial hemorrhage may occur.

Prevent trauma: Move gently in daily activities, use a soft-bristled toothbrush and an electric razor, and avoid severe collisions and high-risk sports.

Use medications with caution: Avoid self-administration of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, warfarin, and clopidogrel; when concomitant use is truly necessary, it must be evaluated by a physician.

Surgery and tooth extraction: Actively inform the physician of the medication situation before surgery; this product usually needs to be suspended several days in advance.

Signals to seek medical attention: Seek medical attention immediately when melena, hematuria, persistent epistaxis, large bruises, or unexplained anemia occurs.

II. Infection risk

Mechanism: BTK inhibitors can affect B-cell function and immunoglobulin levels, increasing the risk of bacterial, viral, and opportunistic infections.

Daily protection: Wash hands frequently, pay attention to food hygiene, avoid crowded places during flu season, and receive inactivated vaccines when necessary.

Alert manifestations: Seek medical attention promptly for signs of infection such as fever, cough, expectoration, urinary frequency and urgency, and skin redness and swelling.

Monitoring indicators: Regularly recheck complete blood count and immunoglobulins, paying attention to neutrophil and IgG levels.

Medication principle: When infection occurs, follow the physician's instructions for anti-infective treatment; for severe infection, this product needs to be suspended and whether to resume should be evaluated.

III. Arrhythmia

Risk awareness: This product can cause atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and ventricular arrhythmia, with a higher risk in those with a history of heart disease.

Baseline assessment: Complete electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and electrolyte examinations before medication to assess baseline cardiac status.

Monitoring requirements: Regularly recheck electrocardiogram during treatment, paying attention to symptoms such as palpitations, chest tightness, dizziness, and syncope.

Trigger management: Correct electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, control hypertension, and avoid excessive fatigue and emotional excitement.

Management principle: Seek medical attention promptly when obvious palpitations or arrhythmia occur; suspend medication when necessary and have it evaluated by the cardiology department.